SEPTEMBER

September 01:
1807: Former Vice President Aaron Burr found innocent of treason.
1875: Edgar Rice Burroughs born.
1878: Emma M. Nutt was hired as the first female telephone operator.
1914: "Martha," the last known passenger pigeion in captivity, died at the Cincinnati Zoo.
1939: WWII began as Nazi Germany invaded Poland.
1945: Word that Japan had formally surrendered reached the United States, ending WWII.
1983: USSR shot down a KAL 747, killing all 269 persons aboard.

September 02

1666: The Great Fire of London began.
1789: US Treasury Department established.
1864: General William T. Sherman's forces occupied Atlanta.
1901: Vice President Teddy Roosevelt, in a speech at the Minnesota State Fair, said, "Speak softly and carry a big stick."
1917: Cleveland Amory born.
1945: In Japan, on board the USS Missouri, Japan formally surrendered.
1963: George Wallace prevented the integration of Tuskegee High School by encircling the building with state troopers.
1969: Ho Chi Minh died.

September 03

1189: King Richard I (The Lionhearted) was crowned king at Westminster, England.
1658: Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, dies.
1783: The US and Great Britain signed the Treaty of Paris, officialy ending the Revolutionary War.
1939: Britain and France declare was on Germany.
1943: Alied forces invade Italy in WWII.
1995: eBay was founded in San Jose, California by Pierre Omidyar. It was originally called "Auction Web."

September 04

1781: Los Angeles is founded by Spanish settlers. It is named El Pueblo de Nuestra Senora La Reina de Los Angeles de Porciuncula.
1886: Apache Indians, led by Geronimo, surrendered to General Nelson Miles at Skeleton Canyon, Arizona.
1888: George Eastman receives a patent for his camera which uses roll film.
1905: Mary Renault born.
1908: Richard Wright is born.
1918: Paul Harvey born.
1998: Google was incorporated in the state of California.
2014: Comedian Joan Rivers died in New York at age 81.

September 05

1698: A tax on beards is imposed by Russiaa's Peter the Great.
1774: The First Continental Congress assembles in Philadelphia, Pa.
1836: Sam Houston elected President of the Republic of Texas.
1905: Arthur Koestler born.
1939: Bob Newhart born.
1940: Raquel Welch born.
1957: On the Road, by Jack Kerouac published.
1972: Arab guerrillas took over the Olympic headquarters of the Israeli atheletes, initially killing two. Nine other hostages and five Arabs were killed in a later shoot-out.
1975: Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme attempts to assassinatePresident Gerald Ford in Sacramento, California.
1997: Mother Teresa died in Calcutta, India, at age 87.

September 06

1620: The Pilgrims set sail from Plymouth, England on the Mayflower.
1901: President Wiliam McKinley is shot by Leon Czolgosz at the Pan American Exposition in Buffalo, New York. The President died eight days later.
1925: Film premier of the silent film, "Phantom of the Opera," starring Lon Cheney, took place in New York.
1958: Steve McQueen debuted as Josh Randall in Wanted: Dead or Alive.

September 07

1533: Queen Elizabeth I was born in Greenwich, England.
1892: In New Orleans James J Corbett knocked out John L Sullivan in the twenty-first round, thus becoming the new heavyweight champion. This was the first boxing match held under the new Marquess of Queensberry rules (which, among other things, required the use of gloves).
1900: Taylor KCaldwell born.
1936: Buddy Holly born in Lubbock, Texas. He was born Charles Hardin Holley).
1940: Nazi Germany began its blitz on London, dropping bombs on London every night for over two months.

September 08

1504: Michelangelo's statue, "David," was unveiled to the public in Florence, Italy.
1565: A Spanish expedition establishes the first permanent European settlement in North America at what is now St. Augustine, Florida.
1664: The Dutch surrendered New Amsterdam to the British, who renamed in New York.
1889: Ohio Senator Robert A Taft born in Cincinnati, Ohio.
1892: An early version of the Pledge of Allegiance appeared in The Youth's Companion. It went: "I pledge allegiance to my flag, and to the republic for which it stands; one nation indivisible, with liberty and justice for all."
1900: Galveston struck by hurricane, killing 6,000
1935: Senator Huey P. Long of Louisiana was shot and mortally wounded inside the state capitol. He died two days later.
1952: The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemmingway is published.
1965: Joshua Lionel Cowan died. In 190l he founded the Lionel Manufacturing Company, later to become the Lionel Corporation.
1966: The television show, Star Trek, premiered on NBC for a three-season run .
1974: President Ford pardons former President Nixon.
2017: Author Jerry Pournelle, author of Janissaries (1979), editor of the There Will Be War series and co-author (with Larry Niven) of Lucifer's Hammer (1977), dies at age 84.

September 09

1776: The Second continental Congress made the term "United States" official, replacing "United Colonies."
1828: Leo Tolstoy born.
1850: California becomes the 31st state.
1926: The National Broadcasting Company is created by Radio Corporation of America.
1956: Elvis Presley made the first of three appearances on The Ed Sullivan Show.
1966: The Green Hornet, co-starring Bruce Lee as Kato, premiered.
1971: Attica riot breaks out at Attica Prison.
1976: Mao Tse-tung ides in Bejing at age 82.
1982: The Contesgoga One, a privately designed and built rocket, was succesful test fired from a cattle ranch on Matagorda Island, Texas.
2017: Science Fiction author Jerry Pournelle dies at age of 84. He was the author of Janissaries and co-wrote with Larry Niven Lucifer's Hammer" and the Mote in God's Eye. He was also editor of the multi-volume series, There Will be War..

September 10

1608: John Smith was elected president of the Jamestown Colony Council in Virginia.
1813: Commodore Oliver H. Perry sent the message: "We have met the enemy and they are ours."
1846: Elias Howe received a patent for the sewing machine.
1955: Gunsmoke premiered on CBS. It was on for twenty years, becoming American's longest running western.
1963: Twenty black students entered the Alabama public schools following a standoff between Governor George Wallace and federal authorities.

September 11

1777: George Washington loses the Battle of Brandywine near Wilmington, Delaware.
1789: Alexander Hamilton was appointed the first US Secretary of the Treasury.
1857: Mountain Meadows Massacre of 1857 occurs, as a group of Mormons attacks and wipes out a wagon train of approximately 120 men, women and children headed for California.
1862: O Henry born.
1885: D.H. Lawrence is born in Eastwood, England.
1936: FDR dedicated Boulder Dam (now called Hoover Dam) by pressing a key in Washington to signal the start-up of the dam's first hydroelectric generator.
1978: Georgi Markov, a Bulgarian defector, died at a British hospital four days after he was stabbed by a man who used a poison-tipped umbrella.
2001: Nearly 3,000 people were killed as Islamic terrorists flew two planes into the Twin Towers in New York and one into the Pentagon in Washington, D.C. The fourth plan crashed into a field in Pennsylvania.

September 12

1609: English explorer Henry Hudson sailed into the river that now bears his name.
1880: H.L. Mencken born in Baltimore.
1888: Maurice Chevalier born in Paris.
1913: Jesse Owens born in Danville, Alabama.
1953: John Kenedy married Jacqueline Lee Bouvier.

September 13

1788: The US Constitutional Convention authorized the first national election and declared New York City the temporary capital of the US.
1851: Walter Reed born in Gloucester County, Virginia.
1925: Mel Torme born.

September 14

1812: The Russians set fire to Moscow after Napoleon's troops invade.
1814: Francis Scott Key wrote The Star-Spangled Banner, after watching the British bomb Fort McHenry in Maryland during the War of 1812.
1914: Clayton Moore, aka The Lone Ranger, is born.
1940: Congress passes the Selective Service Act.
1948: Groundbreaking for the UN world headquarters takes place in New York.
1949: The first edition of Ludwig von Mises' Human Action is published.

September 15

1776: British forces occupy New York City during the Revolutionary War.
1789: James Fenimore Cooper born.
1857: William Howard Taft, President and Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court, is born in Cincinnati.
1890: Agatha Cristie born.
1908: General Motors is incorporated in New Jersey.
1917: First issue of "Forbes" magazine published.
1917: Russia is proclaimed a republic by Alexander Kerensky.
1919: The American Legion is incorporated by Act of Congress.
1935: The Nuremberg Laws made the Swastika the official symbol of the Nazis and also revoked the citizenship of the Jews.
1949: The Lone Ranger makes its television debut.

September 16

1620: The Mayflower sails from Plymouth, England.
1638: The Sun King of France, Louis XIV, is born.
1810: Mexicans begins their revolt against Spanish rule.
1857: James Pierpont published his hit, "One Horse Open Sleigh," later retitled, "Jingle Bells."
1893: The Cherokee Strip in Oklahoma is opened for the land rush by thousands of settlers.
1908: General Mills founded in Flint, Michigan.
1914: Allen Funt, creator of Candid Camera is born.
1940: Franklin Roosevelt signs the slective Service Act into law, amking it the first peacetime draft in US history.
1974: President Gerald Ford announces a conditional amnesty program for Vietnam war deserters and draft evaders.

September 17

1787: The Constitution of the US was completed and signed by a majority of delegates attending the constitutional convention in Philadelphia.
1862: Union forces repulse a Confederate invasion of Maryland at the Battle of Antietam.
1907: Warren Burger born.
1972: M*A*S*H premieres on CBS.
1983: Vanesa Williams became the first Black crowned Miss America.
2011: In New York, Occupy Wall Street had its first demonstration.

September 18

1502: Christopher Columbus landed at what is now Costa Rica on his fourth and last voyage to the New World.
1709: Samuel Johnson born.
1793: President George Washington laid the cornestone of the Capitol in Washington, D. C.
1850: Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Act, which allowed slaveowners to reclaim escaped slaves.
1851: The first issue of the New York Times is published.
1927: Columbia Phonograph Broadcasting System (later CBS) begins broadcasting with a network of sixteen radio stations.
1947: The US Air Force is established as a separate branch of the military.
1970: Jimi Hendrix dies in London at age 27.
1975: Patty Hearst was captured by the FBI, 19 months after she was kidnapped by the Symbionese Liberation Army.

September 19

1777: The Continental Army wins the first Battle of Saratoga.
1881: The twentieth president, James A Garfield, dies of a would inflicted by an assassin eleven weeks earlier.
1911: William Golding born.
1928: Mickey Mouse apears in his first animated feature.
1957: The US conducts its first underground nuclear test in the Nevada desert.
1959: Nikita Khrushchev becomes angry during his US visit when he is told be will not be allowed to visit Disneyland.
1970: The "Mary Tyler Moore" show premiered on CBS.

September 20

622: Mohammed arrives at Medina after completing his flight from Mecca, signaling the beginning of the Moslem era.
1519: Portugese navigator Ferdinand Magellan sets out from Spain.
1873: Panic sweeps the New York Stock Exchange after defaults in railroad bonds and bank failures.
1878: Upton Sinclair born.
1881: Chester A Arthur is sworn in as the 21st president. He succeeds James A Garfield, who was assassinated.
1934: Sophia Loren born.
1973: Billy Jean King defeats Bobby Riggs 6-4, 6-3 and 6-3 in the Battle of the Sexes (in tennis) at the Astrodome, in Houston, Texas.
1973: Jim Croce dies in a plane crash near Natchitoches, Louisiana.

September 21

1792: The French National Convention voted to abolish the monarchy.
1866: HG Wells born.
1897: The New York Sun ran its "Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus" editorial in reply to a question by Virginia O'Hanlon on Santa's existence.
1937: The Hobbit, by JRR Tolkein is published.
1949: The People's Republic of China is established by its Communist power structure.
1970: NFL Monday night football debuts on ABC as the Cleveland Browns defeat the New York Jets, 31 to 21.
1981: The US Senate confirms Sandra Day O'Connor as Supreme Court Justice.
1998: Winemaker Louis P. Martini dies at age 79.

September 22

1776: Nathan Hale (age 21) hanged as spy by British.
1792: The French Republic is proclaimed.
1862: President Lincoln issued the preliminary Emancipation Proclmation, declaring all slaves in states in rebellion would be free as of January 1, 1863.
1903: Patent for ice cream issued.
1949: USSR exploded its first atomic bomb.
1964: Fiddler on the Roof opened on Broadway, beginning a run of 3,242 performances.
1975: Sara Jane Moore shot at Gerald Ford, but missed the President and hit a bystander in San Francisco.
1989: Irving Berlin dies in New York City at age 101.

September 23

63 BC: Caesar Augustus born in Rome.
1642: Harvard College, in Cambridge, Mass., holds its first commencement ceremony.
1779: The US Warship Bon Homme Richard, commanded by John Paul Jones, defeats HMS Serapis, after Jones declares, "I have not yet begun to fight!"
1806: Lewis & Clark expedition returns to St. Louis.
1846: Neptune discovered by Johann Gottfired Galle.
1889: Walter Lippmann born.
1939: Sigmund Freud dies in London.
1952: Nixon gives the "Checkers" speech.
1962: The TV show, "The Jetsons," premiered on ABC.

September 24

1869: The market collapsed in a Wall Street panic.
1960: The first nuclear powered aircraft carrier, "The USS Enterprise," was launched.
2007: The CBS comedy "The Big Bang Theory" premiered.

September 25

1513: Spanish explorer Vasco Nunez de Balboa crossed the Isthmus of Panama to discover the Pacific Ocean.
1775: Ethan Allen captured by British during an attack on Montreal.
1789: The first United States Congress adopted twelve amendments to the proosed US Constitution and sent them to the states for ratification.
1890: Congress established Yosemite National Park.
1897: William Faulkner born.
1961: Actress Heather Locklear born.
1981: SandraDay O Conner sworn in as a Supreme Court Justice.
1983: Official opening of the Devil's Gate High Trestle on the Georgetown Loop in Georgetown, Colorado.
2012: Andy Williams, singer of "Moon River," dies at age 84.

September 26

1789: Thomas Jefferson appointed America's first Secretary of State, John Jay the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Samuel Osgood the first Postmaster General and Edmund Jennings Randolph the first Attorney General.
1820: Daniel Boone died in Missouri at age of 85.
1888: TS Elliot born in St Louis, Missouri.
1888: J. Frank Dobie born.
1892: John Philip Sousa and his band performed for the first time in Plainfield, New Jersey.
1898: Leonard Read born.
1898: George Greshwin born in Brooklyn, New York.
1937: Radio classic, "The Shadow," with Orson Welles, premiered on the Mutual Broadcasting System.
1950: Troops under the United Nations recaptured Seoul from North Korea.
1957: The musical "Westside Story" premiered on Broadway.
1960: The first televised debate between John F. Kennedy and Richard M. Nixon took place in Chicago, Illinois.

September 27

September 28

September 29

1758: England's Admiral Horati Nelson born.
1789: US War Department establishes a standing army.
1829: London's re-oganized police force, which came to be known as Scotland Yard, went on duty.
1835: Mexican Army Lt. Francisco Castaneda and a hundred dragoons arrive in Gonzales, to take back a cannon from the Texans.

1881: Economist Ludwig von Mises born.
1907: Singer-actor Gene Autry born.
1978: Pope John Paul I was discovered dead at the Vatican, just a month after becoming pope.
1982: Tylenol capsules laced with cyanide killed the first of seven victims in Chicago.
1988: The space shuttle "Discovery" launched, marking the USA's return to space after the "Challenger" disaster.

September 30

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